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Waste is our nemesis -- and solid waste is filling our cities not only with trashy debris, but it also causes water pollution, air pollution and land contamination.  Prevention would be nice!  But in a consumables society, that's not a robust answer to the problem of excess packaging, throw-away product design and planned obsolescence. How we handle solid waste is a critical issue for our decade.  Here's an overview of how Minnesota and The Netherlands differ...and are finding solutions to this community quality of life issue.

The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) recently (Feb 2008) issued a "2007 Solid Waste Policy Report"
(DOWNLOAD HERE: www.pca.state.mn.us/publications/reports/lrw-sw-1sy08.pdf )

Some points:

• Incineration is unhealthy and makes global warming worse;
• Incineration is not a source of "green" or "renewable" energy;
• incineration is very expensive and diverts investment from better options such as "zero waste;"

The MPCA agrees that it cannot be silent on such a high-profile issue, particularly following the Supreme Court's decision in Oneida and following landmark legislation in 2007 on the urgency of building up renewable energy sources and cutting down greenhouse gases. In fact, MPCA believes that Minnesotans can no longer afford to discard the energy embodied in solid waste.

Impact on recycling and organics recovery: The MPCA looked into concerns about WTE plants interfering with Minnesota's recycling and organics potential. The stated concern was that such plants usually require some form of "put or pay" commitments that guarantee a given daily tonnage of garbage to the WTE plants, before investors will commit capital; and that the locked-in tonnages will discourage materials that are burnable from going to recycling or composting. While the concern is reasonable and must be addressed, it is not inevitable that WTE hinders the recycling effort. Rather, residential recycling rates have typically been higher in communities with contractual commitments to WTE facilities than those without WTE. It is worthy of note that the highest waste-diversion achiever in the European Union is the Netherlands, which recycles and composts 65 percent of its waste but also sends 30 percent of its waste to combustion.

One reason for this counter-intuitive state of affairs may be that committing to WTE plants has persuaded those communities to pay attention to their waste rather than relying on distant landfills that are "out of sight, and out of mind." For example, those that operate WTE plants look for ways to keep metal and glass out of combustion chambers, because metals, such as aluminum that melts to slag steal heat from the furnace, interfere with furnace equipment and then add to the tonnage of ash that must be managed at considerable expense. One proven way to divert that metal and glass is source-separated recycling, which keeps the materials out of mixed municipal solid waste, maintaining its value as a marketable commodity.

The MPCA has benchmarked with the world's best achievers in solid waste management and does not find an inherent conflict between WTE and recycling, even at the highest rates of recycling achieved by states and nations.

Minnesota has included WTE in its waste-management mix since the 1980s and its recycling performance is well above average for the United States and is on par with Germany.

The Netherlands is the Pace Setter in Solid Waste  Solutions

The pace-setter is the Netherlands, which landfills only 5 percent of its waste, compared to Minnesota, which landfills 36 percent.

If the Netherlands is taken as one example of how a region with both rural and urban populations allocated efforts within its waste management hierarchy, Minnesota still has good opportunities to move waste up from landfilling. (The Netherlands adopted its hierarchy in 1979, called Lansink's Ladder.)

Lansink's Ladder has these rungs, in order of decreasing preference:

1. Prevention
2. Design for prevention and design for beneficial use
3. Product recycling (reuse)
4. Material recycling
5. Recovery for use as fuel
6. Disposal by incineration